Posts on Munozpi Notes

Amazing CLI Tools

Sat, 29 Apr 2023 18:14:05 -0500

Incredibly useful CLI tools that’ll improve your workflow.

How to switch to Linux

Fri, 28 Apr 2023 18:17:26 -0500

So, you’re finally taking the plunge and trying out Linux.

First, if you’re coming from windows and expect everything to be the same, then you’re in for a rough time.

Don’t get me wrong about 70-80% of things are roughly the same. If all you use your PC for is browsing the web, checking email, consuming media, and some light office work, then Linux has you covered.

One big disclaimer though, Linux has its own apps and some proprietary Windows apps won’t run on Linux. You see, Linux runs free and open-source software.

How to Limit Bandwith per IP in Pfsense

Wed, 14 Dec 2022 06:01:42 -0500

Let’s learn how to limit bandwidth per IP in our Pfsense set up.

Go to your Pfsense portal and under firewall go to traffic shaper and go to the limiters section.

Click add new limiter and customize it like so:

This is an example if you wanted to create a limit of 30mb down and 10mb up. The only settings you need to tweak are the top ones, leave everything else as default.

Gentoo Emerge tutorial

Tue, 13 Dec 2022 07:00:44 -0500

If you decided to install Gentoo then here’s a small guide on the emerge command.

install packages

emerge tmux This installs the package called “tmux”.

emerge --ask tmux This asks you before installing “tmux”.

emerge --ask --autounmask Sometimes packages will be masked by: keywords, USE flags, and licenses. This outputs what should be written and to what location.

cleaning the system

emerge --clean Cleans up the system of old packages, not the newest versions, it keeps the most recently installed version even if it happens to be an older version.

Update Gentoo Kernel

Tue, 13 Dec 2022 06:56:19 -0500

If you’ve read my gentoo article and you were conviced to try out getnoo then heres a guide on how to update your kernel whenever you instll a newer version.

First update to the latest kernel sources if they weren’t pulled in by an update:

sudo emerge --ask sys-kernel/gentoo-sources

Its best to do everything as root from this point forward. Sometimes a kernel compile can take a while and your sudo privelages can expire during a compilation therefore it’ll fail. Now go to your current kernel config and make a copy of it:

Push a git repo to two or more remotes

Sun, 11 Dec 2022 07:59:37 -0500

First, create the repo locally git init --initial-branch=main newrepo.

Then go to github and create that same repo without a README. Now add the remote URL to your local repo git remote add origin git@github.com:YOURNAME/newrepo.git

Now go to gitlab and do the same, create the repo without a README and copy the URL. This time name the remote something else: git remote add lab git@gitlab.com:YOURNAME/newrepo.git

And now here’s to command to push to all:

Virtualize with Qemu on Arch Linux

Tue, 06 Dec 2022 14:48:52 -0500

Installing

These instructions are for Arch Linux, but I’m sure you can get it working on any other distro since KVM and QEMU are built in kernel modules.

sudo pacman -S qemu-full virt-manager virt-viewer dnsmasq vde2 bridge-utils openbsd-netcat libguestfs

That installs all the packages you need plus a front end graphical interface. (virt-manager)

Start the libvirtd service:

sudo systemctl start libvirtd

Enable it on startup:

sudo systemctl enable libvirtd

Edit: /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf

Ansible

Mon, 05 Dec 2022 18:03:57 -0500

Let’s get started

This will be a short article to get you started with Ansible and its amazing powers.

First, let’s go to vultr and create ourselves three servers. Don’t worry, it won’t cost you much because we’ll destroy them after we’re done. Choose the cloud compute and regular Intel performance options. Pick the location closest to you geographically for best performance.

Create a CentOS 9 server and two Ubuntu 22.04 servers. They’ll take a bit to deploy, so be patient, (keep an eye on the consoles). Once CentOS is ready, restart it through Vultr’s interface, so you can SSH into it.

RDP From Linux

Fri, 02 Dec 2022 14:24:48 -0500

In this guide, you’ll learn how to use Remote Desktop from your local Linux machine to a remote Windows machine.

All you need is one app: sudo apt install remmina

If you’re on Gentoo like I am sudo emerge -a net-misc/remmina

Now if you’re not on a Debian based distro or Gentoo, I’m sure your package manager has it. It’s a basic utility.

Go ahead and open the app. In the top-left corner click the add button, name it and choose RDP.

The Linux File Structure

Thu, 01 Dec 2022 14:33:55 -0500

This article will help you understand the Linux Root file structure.

Let’s change directory to / and ls. Here you’ll see numerous directories and might be a little confused, don’t worry it’s all self explanatory.

/bin

Unlike Windows Linux keeps all its basic programs aka binaries in the bin directory, such as: ls, cd, touch, mkdir,.

/boot

This directory is where you would mount your boot partition, if you used a GUI Linux install, then this is done automatically. But on a Gentoo or Arch you would partition the drive and mount the boot partition. Don’t mess with this file or else you might break your system.

Gentoo

Thu, 01 Dec 2022 08:35:45 -0500

Many people who use Linux have heard of Gentoo and might have some misconceptions about it.

Gentoo is much more than a regular Distro like Arch, Ubuntu, Fedora, etc. Gentoo is a distro within a distro. Most Linux distros are desktop OS’s, but Gentoo can serve a variety of different purposes, that’s why it can support different architectures.

The power of choice

The main reason most people claim they switched to Linux: more choice in software, customizability, and security. Gentoo takes all of that to an entirely different level.

Fdisk tutorial

Thu, 01 Dec 2022 07:53:45 -0500

This tutorial will show how you can use fdisk to partition your drives

Commands

List out your disks with:

sudo fdisk -l

You’ll see all the drives connected to your machine and their mount points. On my machine the main disk is /dev/sda, it has 3 partitions and they all play a different role: /dev/sda1 is the boot partition, /dev/sda2 is swap and /dev/sda3 is the root partition where the main data is located. Don’t worry if your drives are named differently, NVME drives start as /dev/nvme0n1.

Create backups with Rsync

Thu, 01 Dec 2022 07:00:10 -0500

Rsync is a file syncing command line utility that can sync across many computers, including servers. It can copy incremental files and resume a sync if it was abruptly cut short. You can even use it to update your website by editing your website locally and running an rsync command to send the files to the server.

Rsync should come installed with most Linux systems if not just install it with your package manager sudo apt install rsync.

Sync your files across multiple devices with Syncthing

Wed, 30 Nov 2022 14:58:06 -0500

Syncthing is an open-source program that lets you sync files across multiple devices. This is a lifesaver if you want to mirror your main machine to a backup computer.

Installing

First let’s install syncthing on both of our machines:

Arch sudo pacman -S syncthing

Ubuntu sudo apt install syncthing

Fedora dnf install syncthing.

configuring

After it’s installed, run it for the first time in a terminal on your main machine: syncthing. It’ll open up a webpage with an address of localhost:8384. Do the same for the other machine so they can automatically pick up on each other’s ID’s for later.

Raspberrypi Nas

Tue, 29 Nov 2022 18:41:20 -0500

A fun and easy guide to run a NAS on a Raspberry Pi 4.

What you’ll need:

RPI4
SSD for data
USB to SATA cable for SSD
SD card for OS
RPI-imager

Installing RPI OS

First download RPI-imager on your local machine and install Raspberry pi OS choose Raspberry Pi os (other) and flash your SD card with Raspberry pi OS Lite (32-bit).

Click the gear icon and enable SSH and input your password. If you don’t have an Ethernet cable connected to your Pi, this is where you can add your WiFi settings.

Nerd Fonts

Tue, 29 Nov 2022 18:31:35 -0500

A short and sweet article on how to get nerd fonts and icons on Linux.

There are two places where you should put your fonts in:

/usr/share/fonts/

~/.local/share/fonts/

I recommend you put all your downloaded fonts in the local user directory.

Downloading the fonts

Some distributions repos will contain the nerd fonts and if they do, then you can stop reading this article here. But, for those of you who don’t have them in your distribution’s repo, you can go here and go to the patched front directory and download whatever font you want.

Git Tutorial

Tue, 29 Nov 2022 18:17:26 -0500

This is a short article on how to get started with git and github. We’re only going to be covering the basic commands of pushing, pulling and creating a repository.

Ceating repository

First install git on your system: sudo apt install git. Or the corresponding command for your system. Next, we’ll create an account at github.

Now, let’s go back to our local machine, create a new test dir: mkdir -pv test, cd test.

Easily manage your dotfiles with Stow

Tue, 29 Nov 2022 18:06:16 -0500

Are you having a hard time managing your dot files and keeping them synced up with your repositories? Don’t worry, in this short article, I’ll show you how easily you can automate it.

Install Stow

First install GNU stow, its a basic program which means it’s in most Linux distribution repositories.

How it Works

The way stow works, is by creating a symlink to any directory you want and it puts the symlink where the directory/file belongs. For example, I have a config file for my terminal in ~/.config/suckless/st. I also have dotfiles repo where I keep everything.

Git Server

Tue, 29 Nov 2022 18:03:08 -0500

A quick tutorial on setting up your own git server.

Get a website right now

Tue, 29 Nov 2022 17:46:05 -0500

In this guide, I’ll show you how easy it is to get a website up and running in 20 minutes or less.

They’re four things you need to set up a site:

A domain name
A server
Connecting that domain name to your server
Installing a web server and enabling HTTPS

Get a Domain

A domain name is just a name connected to an IP address (the server that we’ll create soon) so it’ll be easier for humans to remember instead of a string of numbers. Domain names are also relatively cheap, .com’s are about $12 a year

Vultr Wireguard

Mon, 28 Nov 2022 16:58:33 -0500

A quick and easy way to set up wireguard on a remote server.

Today I’m going to teach how to make a VPN so you can use it to ssh into all your servers. That way you’ll secure your servers and only allow connections from the VPN.

Create a VPS

Let’s go ahead and create an ubuntu server at vultr.com. Choose cloud compute and INTEL regular performance so you can get a cheap $5 server, also pick a location that’s closest to you physically. Deploy the server and wait for it to be ready, it’ll take a few minutes.

Ubuntu server Kubernetes

Mon, 28 Nov 2022 16:57:33 -0500

This is a guide that’ll help you install Rancher, docker and Kubernetes on an ubuntu server inside a QEMU virtual machine. .

Once your logged into your server run the docker install command, this command may change so be sure to check the docs

curl https://releases.rancher.com/install-docker/20.10.sh | sh

Then add your user to the docker group:

sudo usermod -aG docker USERNAME

Run docker version, to make sure you can use docker as a non-sudo user.

Raspberrypi Ubuntu

Mon, 28 Nov 2022 16:46:05 -0500

Download rpi-imager

First download the rpi-imager.

Open it up and click choose OS, go to “other general-purpose OS” and you’ll see ubuntu. If you have a raspberry pi 4 with 4GB or more of ram you can use 64 bit if not choose 32bit. Now pick “ubuntu server 22.04 LTS”.

Choose your SD card for storage and click write. Once its done and you’ve powered on the raspberry Pi, give it some time for ubuntu to do its thing, it has a few install scripts that it always runs.

Raspberry Pi Pi-hole

Mon, 28 Nov 2022 16:45:07 -0500

Installing RPI OS

First download RPI-imager on your local machine and install Raspberry Pi OS choose Raspberrypi os (other) and flash your SD card with Raspberry Pi OS Lite (32-bit).

Click the gear icon and enable SSH and input your password. If you don’t have an Ethernet cable connected to your Pi, this is where you can add your WiFi settings.

Once that’s done reboot your Pi with your and SD card connected. Get its local IP from your router and SSH into it with ssh pi@IP or whatever username you chose.

About This Site

Sun, 27 Nov 2022 17:08:35 -0500

Munozpi.com is created by me, Chris Munoz. I do all the writing, research, code, and everything else you see here.

Hugo

This site is built with Hugo, a fantastic static site generator. It’s relatively easy to get started with and it has great documentation.

Everything I use is open source.

Theme

The theme is based on the bootstrap module, you can find it here. It has almost everything you need in a website. Searching also comes with the theme so no need to add it in yourself.

Rasperrypi Home Server

Sun, 27 Nov 2022 08:24:03 -0500

In this guide, I’ll show you how you can turn a Raspberry Pi 4 into a small home server to self-host a bunch of services with docker and portainer.

Docker is a way to containerize applications, and keep them separate from each other. For example, an app could need dependency X ver1 and then another app could need that same dependency but version2, that’ll cause conflicts, and you won’t be able to run both apps on the same machine. But with docker, you can spin up multiple containers that don’t conflict with each other.